Tham khảo James_Hutton

  1. ↑ Waterston, Charles D; Macmillan Shearer, A (tháng 7 năm 2006). Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783-2002: Biographical Index (PDF) I. Edinburgh: The Royal Society of Edinburgh. ISBN 978-0-902198-84-5. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 11 năm 2011. 
  2. ↑ University of Edinburgh. “Millennial Plaques: James Hutton”. (Hutton's Millennial Plaque, which reads, "In honour of James Hutton 1726-1797 Geologist, chemist, naturalist, father of modern geology, alumnus of the University," is located at the main entrance of the Grant Institute). Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 1 tháng 11 năm 2007. Truy cập ngày 26 tháng 9 năm 2012. 
  3. ↑ David Denby (ngày 11 tháng 10 năm 2004). “Northern Lights: How modern life emerged from eighteenth-century Edinburgh”. The New Yorker. Review of James Buchan's Crowded With Genius (Capital of the Mind in the UK). In 1770, James Hutton, an experimental farmer and the owner of a sal ammoniac works, began poking into the peculiar shapes and textures of the Salisbury Crags, the looming, irregular rock formations in Edinburgh. Hutton noticed something astonishing—fossilized fish remains embedded in the rock. The remains suggested that volcanic activity had raised the mass from some depth in the sea. In 1785, he delivered a lecture to the Royal Society of Edinburgh, which included the remarkable statement that "with respect to human observation, this world has neither a beginning nor an end." Coolly discarding Biblical accounts of creation, the book that he eventually published, "The Theory of the Earth," helped establish the foundations of modern geology. 
  4. ↑ American Museum of Natural History (2000). “James Hutton: The Founder of Modern Geology”. Earth: Inside and Out. The result, therefore, of this physical enquiry," Hutton concluded, "is that we find no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end. 
  5. ↑ Kenneth L. Taylor (tháng 9 năm 2006). “Ages in Chaos: James Hutton and the Discovery of Deep Time”. The Historian (abstract) (Book review of Stephen Baxter, ISBN 0-7653-1238-7). Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 15 tháng 11 năm 2007. Truy cập ngày 26 tháng 9 năm 2012.  Chú thích sử dụng tham số |month= bị phản đối (trợ giúp)
  6. ↑ Lovelock, James (1979). GAIA – A new look at life on Earth. Oxford University Press. tr. viii,10. ISBN 0-19-286030-5. 

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